Electro Convulsive Therapy and Psychotherapy for Mood Disorders

Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) can be used in the cases of severe depression. Though the precautions now being taken have eliminated most of the side effects of electro convulsive therapy however memory disorientation and loss are still common. Therefore its use is recommended only when other options of intervention are closed. ECT is also an effective treatment for acute mania but it is prescribed for the patients who do not respond to lithium therapy. Light Therapy has also been found to be useful in the treatment of seasonal depression.

Psychotherapy for Mood Disorders –

Although drugs are an important aspect of treatment for mood disorders, especially for severe depression and bipolar disorder medication alone does not address the social, emotional or personality factors that may also underlie patient’s problems. Therefore psychotherapy that emphasizes psycho dynamic behavioral cognitive or interpersonal approach is also used to treat adults with mood disorders. Most psychotherapy focus on depressive disorders, but several have been applied to the depressive aspects of bipolar disorder as well.

Among the psychodynamic approaches time limited dynamic psychotherapy, short term dynamic psychotherapy and supportive expressive therapy are the methods that take less time and are effective in the treatment of depression compared to traditional psychotherapy.

Among cognitive behavioral approaches, Beck’s Cognitive Therapy is particularly useful for depression treatment.

Interpersonal therapy is also effective in treatment of Mood Disorders.

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The Fashionable Lady

Fashion is the statement of mind which could appeal the world with its charming aura and alluring fragrance. Lips lied to lipstick can poison the life to the roots rotting the style of happiness, ultimately making it fell to the ground leading its ultimate evanescent. Fashion doesn’t underlie designer clothes, it’s source is the designer mind.

Intellect should be deepened in a meaningful way. Any arrogance about supremacy of one’s own intellect shuts down the door to further learning. Curiosity and openness to check our thoughts and beliefs don’t make us stupid. Rather, they are the characteristics of a rational individual. Policy of lifelong learning keeps the life charged.

Metacognition i.e. thinking about one’s own thinking pattern can lead to the insight into our erroneous thoughts and help us modify our behaviors.

I am small, I am ignorant, the universe is vast. I am too small to feel proud over my intellect as I don’t even know a fraction of it. Superiority complex is a tool often utilized to hide the underlying, conscious or subconscious inferiority or insecurity. Don’t fell into the trap.

Live humble……..Live Happy!

Demonetisation- An Economic Surgical Strike

The demonetisation of Rs. 1000 and Rs. 500 currency notes is an Economic Surgical Strike launched by our beloved PM Sh. Narendra Modi. This raises a very important question. The question is whether he took this step to improve the economic and political health of the country or it is a wily move to win the election in several states like UP and Punjab due in the first half of 2017. The haste with which this important step has been taken without proper preparation compels us to doubt the motive of the ruling and its front line leaders.


All of a sudden, on 8th November, 2016 the PM declared promptly the currency notes of ₨ 500 and 1,000 value stand demontisated from 8 PM. Initially the countrymen cheered the PM; they welcomed the bold and daring step taken by their PM because they believed him. He told them that he had to take this step to check black money, corruption- political as well as individual and terrorists’ activities. They were ready to face hardships which accompanied this move. But the next day, the people were disillusioned. There was a great upheaval in the whole country. The people had no money to buy articles of daily use, children had no milk, patients had no medicine; daily wage earners had no work and food. Patients could not be admitted to hospitals. Operations could not be performed. The diseased could not be treated. Weddings had to be postponed and temples had no money to perform daily worships of deities.


Consequently, there were long queues before ATM, Banks and Post Offices. People had to wait from morning till midnight shivering in cold. They were hungry and thirsty, but they were waiting because they had to give food and milk to their kids crying with hunger and thirst, they had to arrange medicines and treatments for their sick elders. They had to arrange money for the weddings of their daughters and sisters. The patience of Indians is commendable. In this process several committed suicide in desperation, shock and frustration. And the antithesis is that our Finance Minister parches us to conduct our financial activities through cheque payment and credit cards, unaware of uneducated or half educated common men, he is dreaming of cashless society like that of Sweden which has turned into cashless society. His utterance reminds us of Bloody Queen Mary who had remarked “If you have no Bread, eat Cakes”.


The PM his cabinet ministers and other leaders of the ruling party claim that they took this step for the welfare of the country and society. The opposition alleges that the ruling party took this step to win the election in states. It also alleges that the information of demontisation was leaked to important leaders of centre and states ruled by the BJP and they deposited their unaccounted money in banks before the move was announced.

Our respectable and beloved PM asks us to wait for 50 Days because the situation will normalize by them. But 50 days is a long period. Are people ready to wait for so long? What will happen if suffering and harassed people lose patience? The leaders of the ruling party say that the people who opposed this move are economic offenders and corrupt. The BJP Leaders habituated of abusing the persons who do not toe their line. According to them people who do not agree to their party line are either traitors or economic offenders.

Let us wait for the Parliament Session where the fate of this controversial economic surgical strike will be decided by our honorable parliamentarians.

Bipolar Mental Disorder

People suffering from bipolar mental disorder usually experience periods of depression as well as periods of either extremely mood known as mania or mixed episodes in which mania and depression alternate so rapidly that they are experienced within the same day.

In most cases, women with bipolar disorder experience depression before the first manic phase, however men with bipolar disorder are likely to have manic episodes first.

Several people experiences a period of normality in between the episodes of Depression of Mania.

Manic episodes can develop rapidly, in some cases in matters of hours and must last for at least a week to be officially defined as manic episode. The person displays an abnormally elevated, expansive or irritable mood along with unlimited energy and enthusiasm for unrealistic goals. Psychomotor over activity inflated sense of self – esteem and delusion grandeur may also occur confusion, memory loss and even suicide is not uncommon especially in extreme cases. Other characteristics include –

1. Flight of idea.
2. Distractibility.
3. Decrease need for sleep.
4. Pressure to keep talking.

The clinical picture in depressive episodes is just the reverse marked by symptoms such as loss of initiative, social withdrawal insomnia, loss of enthusiasm, low self-concept, and psycho motor retardation (in some cases psycho motor agitation).

Classification of Bipolar Disorders –

DSM – IV uses Label Bipolar Disorder I, for cases where there is full blown manic symptoms usually accompanied by one or more periods of major depression ⅔ patients diagnosed as Bipolar I.

Bipolar II disorder refer to cases in which a major depressive episode has occurred in addition to a period in which manic episodes are mild or hypomanic non serious enough to interfere with the person’s social functioning or to require hospitalization even though they are obvious and irritating to others.

Cyclothymic Disorder –

This is a form of bipolar disorder in which mood fluctuate over a long period of two or more years in an adult and one or more year in children, but neither depressive or manic phase is as severe as Bipolar I or II disorders. Cyclothymic disorder suggests less severe but chronic mood disturbance. In cyclothymic disorder, periods of elevated mood never reach the state of elation commonly associated with mania and low moods neither warrant a diagnosis of major depressive disorder nor interfere significantly with daily functioning.

Samsung Galaxy On5 Pro

Samsung Galaxy On5 Pro smartphone was launched in July 2016. The phone comes with a 5.00-inch touchscreen display with a resolution of 720 pixels by 1280 pixels.

The Samsung Galaxy On5 Pro is powered by 1.3 GHz quad-core it comes with 2GB of RAM. The phone packs 16GB of internal storage that can be expanded up to 128GB via a microSD card. As far as the cameras are concerned, the Samsung Galaxy On5 Pro packs a 8-megapixel primary camera on the rear and a 5-megapixel front shooter for selfies.

The Samsung Galaxy On5 Pro runs Android 6.0 and is powered by a 2600mAh non removable battery. It measures 142.30 x 72.10 x 8.50 (height x width x thickness) and weighs 149.00 grams.

The Samsung Galaxy On5 Pro is a dual SIM (GSM and GSM) smartphone that accepts Micro-SIM and Micro-SIM. Connectivity options include Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth, FM, 3G and 4G (with support for Band 40 used by some LTE networks in India). Sensors on the phone include Proximity sensor, Accelerometer, Ambient light sensor and Gyroscope.

About Samsung

Founded back in 1969 as Samsung Electric Industries, Suwon, South Korea-headquartered Samsung Electronics today makes everything from televisions to semiconductors. It released its first Android smartphone in 2009, and can be credited with the launch of the first Android tablet back in 2010. The company is among the biggest players in the smartphone market in the world. It has recently developed smartphones running Tizen OS, as an alternative to its Android-based smartphones

The Coca-Cola Company

The Coca-Cola Company, which is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, is an American multinational beverage corporation, and manufacturer, retailer, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. The Coca-Cola formula and brand were bought in 1889 by Asa Griggs Candler (December 30, 1851 – March 12, 1929), who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. The company has operated a franchised distribution system since 1889, wherein The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate, which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold exclusive territories. The Coca-Cola Company owns its anchor bottler in North America, Coca-Cola Refreshments.

The company's stock is listed on the NYSE (NYSE: KO) and is part of DJIA, the S&P 500 index, the Russell 1000 Index, and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. As of 2015, its chairman and its CEO is Muhtar Kent.

The company has a long history of acquisitions. Coca-Cola acquired Minute Maid in 1960, the Indian cola brand Thums Up in 1993, and Barq's in 1995.[6] In 2001, it acquired the Odwalla brand of fruit juices, smoothies, and bars for $181 million. In 2007, it acquired Fuze Beverage from founder Lance Collins and Castanea Partners for an estimated $250 million. The company's 2009 bid to buy a Chinese juice maker ended when China rejected its $2.4 billion bid for the Huiyuan Juice Group, on the grounds the resulting company would be a virtual monopoly. Nationalism was also thought to be a reason for aborting the deal. In 1982, Coca-Cola purchased Columbia Pictures for $692 million. It sold the movie studio to Sony, for $3 billion, in 1989 In 2013, Coca-Cola finalized its purchase of ZICO, a coconut water company. In 2015, the company took a minority stake ownership in the cold pressed juice manufacturer, Suja Life LLC.

Since 1920, Coca-Cola has been a publicly traded company. One share of stock purchased in 1919 for $40, with all dividends reinvested, would be worth $9.8 million in 2012, a 10.7% annual increase, adjusted for inflation. In 1987, Coca-Cola once again became one of the 30 stocks which makes up the Dow Jones Industrial Average, which is commonly referenced as a proxy for stock market performance; it had previously been a Dow stock from 1932 to 1935. Coca-Cola has paid a dividend, increasing each year for 49 years. Stock is available from a direct purchase program, through Computershare Trust Company, but unlike many programs, has investment fees.

Coca Cola advertising has "been among the most prolific in marketing history", with a notable and major impact on popular culture and society as a whole.

The logo, bottle design, and brand image are internationally recognisable. Their product is ranked the number one soft drink, repeatedly, internationally, and has notoriety as the first soft drink consumed by astronauts in space. They employ a diverse range of integrated marketing communications to advertise through direct marketing, web based media, social media and sales promotions (Stringer, 2015).

The company carefully considers all touch points a consumer (or prospective consumer) has with the brand as potential delivery channels for the brand's message, and makes use of all relevant communication systems. This well established, long standing, consistent approach has created a longing for the product that by far "superseded the desire for that typically associated with a drink to quench one's thirst" (Dudovskiy, 2015).

Motorola Inc.

Motorola, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, United States. After having lost $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009, the company was divided into two independent public companies, Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on January 4, 2011. Motorola Solutions is generally considered to be the direct successor to Motorola, Inc., as the reorganization was structured with Motorola Mobility being spun off. Motorola Mobility was acquired by Lenovo in 2014.

Motorola designed and sold wireless network equipment such as cellular transmission base stations and signal amplifiers. Motorola's home and broadcast network products included set-top boxes, digital video recorders, and network equipment used to enable video broadcasting, computer telephony, and high-definition television. Its business and government customers consisted mainly of wireless voice and broadband systems (used to build private networks), and, public safety communications systems like Astro and Dimetra. These businesses (except for set-top boxes and cable modems) are now part of Motorola Solutions. Google sold Motorola Home (the former General Instrument cable businesses) to the Arris Group in December 2012 for US$2.35 billion.

Motorola's wireless telephone handset division was a pioneer in cellular telephones. Also known as the Personal Communication Sector (PCS) prior to 2004, it pioneered the "mobile phone" with DynaTAC, "flip phone" with the MicroTAC as well as the "clam phone" with the StarTAC in the mid-1990s. It had staged a resurgence by the mid-2000s with the RAZR, but lost market share in the second half of that decade. Later it focused on smartphones using Google's open-source Android mobile operating system. The first phone to use the newest version of Google's open source OS, Android 2.0, was released on November 2, 2009 as the Motorola Droid (the GSM version launched a month later, in Europe, as the Motorola Milestone).

The handset division (along with cable set-top boxes and cable modems) was later spun off into the independent Motorola Mobility. On May 22, 2012, Google CEO Larry Page announced that Google had closed on its deal to acquire Motorola Mobility. On January 29, 2014, Google CEO Larry Page announced that pending closure of the deal, Motorola Mobility would be acquired by Chinese technology company Lenovo for US$2.91 billion (subject to certain adjustments). On October 30, 2014, Lenovo finalized its purchase of Motorola Mobility from Google.

Happy Birthday

A birthday is an occasion when a person or institution celebrates the anniversary of their birth. Birthdays are celebrated in numerous cultures, often with a gift, party, or rite of passage.

Many religions celebrate the birth of their founders with special holidays (e.g. Christmas, Buddha's Birthday).

There is a distinction between birthday and birthdate: The former, other than February 29, occurs each year (e.g. May 11), while the latter is the exact date a person was born (e.g., May 11, 1998).

In most legal systems, one becomes designated as an adult on a particular birthday (usually between 12 and 21), and reaching age-specific milestones confers particular rights and responsibilities. At certain ages, one may become eligible to leave full-time education, become subject to military conscription or to enlist in the military, to consent to sexual intercourse, to marry, to marry without parental consent, to vote, to run for elected office, to legally purchase (or consume) alcohol and tobacco products, to purchase lottery tickets, or to obtain a driver's licence. The age of majority is the age when minors cease to legally be considered children and assume control over their persons, actions, and decisions, thereby terminating the legal control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardians over and for them. Most countries set the age of majority between 18 and 21.

Some notables, particularly monarchs, have an official birthday on a fixed day of the year, which may not necessarily match the day of their birth, but on which celebrations are held. Examples are:

Jesus Christ's traditional birthday is celebrated as Christmas Eve or Christmas Day around the world, on December 24 or 25, respectively. As some Eastern churches use the Julian calendar, December 25 will fall on January 7 in the Gregorian calendar. These dates are traditional and have no connection with the actual birthday date of Jesus, which was an unknown date, likely around September or possibly early October.
Similarly, the birthdays of the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist are liturgically celebrated on September 8 and June 24, especially in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions (although for those Eastern Orthodox churches using the Julian calendar the corresponding Gregorian dates are September 21 and July 7 respectively). As with Christmas, the dates of these celebrations are traditional and probably have no connection with the actual birthdays of these individuals (and if Jesus was born in September or October, it would seem likely that John the Baptist, who was traditionally regarded to be six months older, was born around March or April).
The Queen's Official Birthday in Australia, Fiji, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.
The Grand Duke's Official Birthday in Luxembourg is typically celebrated on June 23. This is different from the monarch's actual date of birth, which is on April 16.
Koninginnedag in the Kingdom of the Netherlands was typically celebrated on April 30. Queen Beatrix fixed it at the birthday of her mother, the previous queen, to avoid the winter weather associated with her own birthday in January. The present monarch's birthday is 27 April, and is also celebrated on that day and has replaced the 30th of April celebration of Koninginnedag.
The current Japanese Emperor Akihito's official birthday is December 23, which is a national holiday in Japan, whereas his actual date of birth is on November 12.
The previous Japanese Emperor Showa (Hirohito)'s birthday was April 29. After his death, the holiday was kept as "Showa no Hi", or "Showa Day". This holiday falls close to Golden Week, the week in late April and early May.
Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-Il's birthdays are celebrated in North Korea as a national holiday.
Washington's Birthday, commonly referred to as Presidents' Day, is a federal holiday in the United States that celebrates the birthday of George Washington. President Washington's birthday is observed on the third Monday of February each year. However, his actual birth date was either February 11 (Old Style), or February 22 (New Style).
In India, every year October 2 which marks the Birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, is declared as a holiday. All the liquor shops are closed across the country in honour of Gandhi not consuming liquor.
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day is a federal holiday in the United States marking the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. It is observed on the third Monday of January each year, which is around the time of King's birthday, January 15.
Mawlid is the official birthday of Muhammad and is celebrated on the 12th or 17th day of Rabi' al-awwal by adherents of Sunni and Shia Islam respectively. These are the two most commonly accepted dates of birth of Muhammad.

Google

Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products that include online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing, software, and hardware. Most of its profits are derived from AdWords, an online advertising service that places advertising near the list of search results.

Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex.

In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its interests as a holding company called Alphabet Inc. When this restructuring took place on October 2, 2015, Google became Alphabet's leading subsidiary, as well as the parent for Google's Internet interests.

Rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions and partnerships beyond Google's core search engine (Google Search). It offers services designed for work and productivity (Google Docs, Sheets and Slides), email (Gmail), scheduling and time management (Google Calendar), cloud storage (Google Drive), social networking (Google+), instant messaging and video chat (Google Allo/Duo/Hangouts), language translation (Google Translate), mapping and turn-by-turn navigation (Google Maps), video-sharing (YouTube), taking notes (Google Keep), organizing and editing photos (Google Photos), and a web browser (Google Chrome). The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system and the browser-only Chrome OS for a class of netbooks known as Chromebooks and desktop PCs known as Chromeboxes. Google has moved increasingly into hardware; from 2010 to 2015, it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its Nexus devices, and in October 2016, it launched multiple hardware products (the Google Pixel, Home, Wifi, and Daydream View), with new hardware chief Rick Osterloh stating that "a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end-to-end user experience". In 2012, a fiber-optic infrastructure was installed in Kansas City to facilitate a Google Fiber broadband service, and in 2016, the company launched the Google Station initiative to make public "high-quality, secure, easily accessible Wi-Fi" around the world, which had already started, and become a success, in India.

Google has been estimated to run more than one million servers in data centers around the world (as of 2007). It processes over one billion search requests and about 24 petabytes of user-generated data each day (as of 2009). In December 2013, Alexa listed Google.com as the most visited website in the world. Numerous Google sites in other languages figure in the top one hundred, as do several other Google-owned sites such as YouTube and Blogger.

Google has been the second most valuable brand in the world for 4 consecutive years, and has a valuation in 2016 at $133 billion. Google's mission statement from the outset was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful," and its unofficial slogan was "Don't be evil". In October 2015, the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase: "Do the right thing". Google's commitment to such robust idealism has been increasingly been called into doubt due to a number of actions and behaviours which appear to contradict this.

Democracy

Democracy was originally conceived in Classical Greece, whereby political representatives were chosen by lot (as in a jury) from amongst the male citizens: rich and poor. In modern times it has become equated to electio

ns or "a system of government in which all the people of a state or polity....elect representatives to a parliament or similar assembly", as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary.Democracy is further defined as (a:) "government by the people; especially : rule of the majority (b:) "a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation ...."

According to political scientist Larry Diamond, democracy consists of four key elements: (a) A political system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections; (b) The active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic life; (c) Protection of the human rights of all citizens, and (d) A rule of law, in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens.

In the 5th century BC, to denote the political systems then existing in Greek city-states, notably Athens, the term is an antonym to ἀριστοκρατία (aristokratía) "rule of an elite". While theoretically these definitions are in opposition, in practice the distinction has been blurred historically. The political system of Classical Athens, for example, granted democratic citizenship to free men and excluded slaves and women from political participation. In virtually all democratic governments throughout ancient and modern history, democratic citizenship consisted of an elite class until full enfranchisement was won for all adult citizens in most modern democracies through the suffrage movements of the 19th and 20th centuries. The English word dates to the 16th century, from the older Middle French and Middle Latin equivalents.

Democracy contrasts with forms of government where power is either held by an individual, as in an absolute monarchy, or where power is held by a small number of individuals, as in an oligarchy. Nevertheless, these oppositions, inherited from Greek philosophy, are now ambiguous because contemporary governments have mixed democratic, oligarchic, and monarchic elements. Karl Popper defined democracy in contrast to dictatorship or tyranny, thus focusing on opportunities for the people to control their leaders and to oust them without the need for a revolution.

Several variants of democracy exist, but there are two basic forms, both of which concern how the whole body of all eligible citizens executes its will. One form of democracy is direct democracy, in which all eligible citizens have active participation in the political decision making, for example voting on policy initiatives directly. In most modern democracies, the whole body of eligible citizens remain the sovereign power but political power is exercised indirectly through elected representatives; this is called a representative democracy.